Studies on synthesis, characterization of modified phenol. Table 2 lists the softening points, percent conversions, and intrinsic viscosities of the prepared polymers. They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. Preparation and characterization of a nanolignin phenol. Abstractchemical structure of the sfzh30 standard resol phenolformaldehyde resin was studied by the method of quantitative c nmr spectroscopy. After the liquefied products were cooled, alkaline catalyst and formaldehyde were added. The invention discloses cashew nut oilmodified phenolic resin and a preparation method thereof. Resol pf resin is prepared using a formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio above 1 and an alkali as catalyzer, which is a common material for activated carbon pizzi and stephanou 1993. Phenol formaldehyde resins or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.
As an important alternative of thermoplastic engineering materials, glass fiber gf reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin gfpf composites has many desirable properties for application, such as low specific mass, high rigidity, good corrosion resistance, excellent flame retardation, and less smoke and toxicity when burning 1,2. The experimental conditions were as follows, activation temperature. Study on preparation and properties of phenolformaldehydechinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin. Phenol formaldehyde resins used to manufacture highpressure laminates are typically produced by reacting phenol and formaldehyde by means of an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide 10. Phenol formaldehyde resin using wood flour as reinforcement is a more common composite and has been mentioned in plastic conservation literature, but is not regarded as a problematic material compared to other faster degrading polymers billingham 2015. Studies on synthesis, characterization of modified phenol formaldehyde resin and metal adsorption of modified resin derived from lignin biomass. Phenol formaldehyde resin nanoparticles loaded with cdte.
Phenolformaldehyde resin, any of a number of synthetic resins made by reacting phenol an aromatic alcohol derived from benzene with formaldehyde a reactive gas derived from methane. These resins are used in adhesives, finishes, particle board, mediumdensity fibreboard mdf, and molded objects. Pdf in this study, a novel method was applied to calculate the active sites of technical lignin for the preparation of ligninphenolformaldehyde. Phenolformaldehyde resin curing and bonding in steam. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. This paper introduces the wood liquefaction technique and presents part of our experimental results, mainly the preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin from phenol liquefied wood li 2004, and. Pdf preparation of ligninphenolformaldehyde resin adhesive. Poplar populus spp wood meal was liquefied by phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Phenol, formaldehyde, water and catalyst are mixed in the desired amount, depending on the resin to be formed, and are then heated. Phenolformaldehyde pf resins are obtained in the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde in aqueous alkaline solutions.
This results first in the formation of linear polymer called novalac and then in to crosslinked polymer called phenolformaldehyde resin or bakelite. Graphene oxide go has shown great potential to be used as fillers to develop polymer nanocomposites for important applications due to their special 2d geometrical structure as well as their outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Many people date the beginning of the modern plastics industry to 1907, when leo hendrik baekeland, a belgianborn american chemist, applied for a patent on a phenolformaldehyde thermoset that eventually became known by the trademarked name bakelite. Phenolformaldehyde resin chemical compound britannica. One of its important applications is as an adhesive for woodbased panels manufacturing. Treatment of phenol formaldehyde resin manufacturing wastewater by the electrocoagulation process. Synthesis of phenol formaldehydecontaining pendant. Preparation and characterization of phenolformaldehyde. In this work, go was incorporated into phenol formaldehyde pf resin by in situ polymerization. Phenol formaldehyde resin curing and bonding in steaminjection pressing part ii. Phenol formaldehyde resins pf or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. Preparation and characterization of phenolformaldehyde resins modified with alkaline rice straw lignin. Preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated.
Fabrication and characterization of carbon black and phenol. It was developed by the belgianamerican chemist leo baekeland in new york in 1907. A phenolstarchformaldehyde resin was synthesized by using phenol of which one third was replaced by cornstarch as a model material for waste wood. Used as the basis for bakelite, pfs were the first commercial synthetic resins. Firstaid measures emergency and first aid procedure. Treatment of phenolformaldehyde resin manufacturing wastewater by the electrocoagulation process. It is of interest to note that there has been controversy. Phenol formaldehyde is of two types such as cresol type and resol type. Typical mole ratios of formaldehyde to phenol range from 1. In general, the commercial production of ureaformaldehyde figure 3. Basecatalysed phenol formaldehyde resins are made with a formaldehyde to phenol ratio of greater than one usually around 1. Preparation and characterization of the carbonized material of phenol formaldehyde resin with addition of various organic substances.
Phenol formaldehyde resin, any of a number of synthetic resins made by reacting phenol an aromatic alcohol derived from benzene with formaldehyde a reactive gas derived from methane. Phenol formaldehyde an overview sciencedirect topics. Preparation, characterization, and properties of in situ. Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of. It is produced through condensation reaction between phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of either basic or acidic catalyst. They were at one time the primary material used for the production of circuit boards but have been largely replaced with epoxy re. Synthesis and structure characterization of phenolurea. Preparation and characterization of phenol formaldehyde resins modified with alkaline rice straw lignin. Preparation and characterization of the carbonized material of phenolformaldehyde resin with addition of various organic substances. The watersoluble phenolformaldehyde resin was synthesized by the technology of twostep base catalysis with naoh and baoh 2 8h 2 o composite catalyst.
Use of organosolv lignin in phenolformaldehyde resins for. You need 20g formaldehyde, 25g phenol and 55ml acetic acid. Differences between rates of chemical and mechanical responses to resin cure by alfred w. Expired lifetime application number us239831a inventor kenneth l proctor henry l katz. Preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated wood. The free phenol and free formaldehyde content of the chinese firbased adhesive were sharply decreased compared to normal pf resin by more than 50 %. Preparation and characterization of novolak phenol. In general, the commercial production of urea formaldehyde figure 3.
The free phenol and free formaldehyde content of the chinese firbased adhesive were sharply decreased compared to normal pf resin by more than 50%. The purpose of this paper is to examine the preparation of adhesive by incorporation of kraft lignin as an agricultural waste into phenol formaldehyde pf resin structure and to evaluate the mechanical properties of lignin phenol formaldehyde lpf as wood adhesive. Resol pf resin is prepared using a formaldehydetophenol molar ratio above 1 and an alkali as catalyzer, which is a common material for. Condensation reactions of methylolureas to form a methylene bridges between amido nitrogens, b methylene ether linkages, and c and d methylene linkages. Phenolic resin is a heat cured plastic formed from a reaction of carbon based alcohol and a chemical called aldehyde. Reduce quantities accordingly to make 50 ml solution of these components. In this research work, modified phenolformaldehyde resins were prepared using hydroxymethylated alkaline rice straw lignin as a substitute for petroleumbased phenol in the range of 20 to 50% by weight. Preparation of active carbon from phenolformaldehyde resin. Christiansen et al mechanical and chemical cure measurement 47 1993 7682 phenolformaldehyde resin curing and bonding in steaminjection pressing part ii.
In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted concerning the synthesis of biooil phenol formaldehyde bpf resin. Wood dust may cause respiratory sensitization andor irritation. The work was carried out to get information how to use wasted biomass, particularly waste woods, as a raw material for fine and advanced carbon products. Phenolic resins technology handbook 2nd revised edition. Almost equivalent molar amounts of phenol and formaldehyde are consumed as the reaction proceeds as is expected for a reaction in which the stoichiometric coefficients of phenol and formaldehyde are identical. Fabrication of glass fiber reinforced composites based on. Preparation and characterization of novolak phenol formaldehyde resin from liquefied brownrotted wood gaiyun li,1 chungyun hse,2 tefu qin1 1research institute of wood industry, chinese academy of forestry, beijing 91, china.
Phenol is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans after acute. On the synthesis and structure of resol phenolformaldehyde resins. It was developed by the belgianamerican chemist leo baekeland in. Preparation of carbon fibers from biomassbased phenol. Cn102558473a cashew nut oilmodified phenolic resin and. Preparation and electrochemical capacitive performance of.
Phenol 108952 hazard summary exposure to phenol may occur from the use of some medicinal products including throat lozenges and ointments. This is done by reacting resorcinol with formaldehyde. This paper introduces the wood liquefaction technique and presents part of our experimental results, mainly the preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolliquefied wood li 2004, and. Testing phenol formaldehyde composite insulation material. Fabrication and characterization of carbon black and. Pdf studies on synthesis, characterization of modified phenol. The movable gel prepared with this crosslinking agent and polyacrylamide has good stability and long shelf life through the performance evaluation experiment. The technique for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated wood pwf and its characters were studied and analyzed. Compared with the spectrum of pure phenol formaldehyde resin, the absorption peaks of gopf in situ nanocomposites figure 1c do not change. Use of the information, documents and data from the echa website is subject to the terms and conditions of this legal notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the echa website may be reproduced, distributed andor used, totally or in part, for noncommercial purposes provided that echa is. Preparation of activated carbon using biooil phenolformaldehyde resin highspecific surface area activated carbon with distinct pore texture was prepared using biooil phenolformaldehyde bpf resin as the raw material and koh as the activator for chemical activation.
Treatment of phenolformaldehyde resin manufacturing. Old phones were made of bakelite, which is a phenolic resin. The reactivity of phenol formaldehyde resin char with steam was lower than that of coal char. Preparation and electrochemical capacitive performance of phenolated calcium lignosulfonatebased phenol formaldehyde resin porous carbon volume 33 issue 9 junxiu dai, yanli ma, shixue ren, guizhen fang. The process described herein involves the gradual addition of aqueous formaldehyde, containing 3560 percent by weight of formaldehyde, to a phenol maintained at a temperature of 60100 c. Wood was first liquefied in the presence of phenol by using an acid catalyst to produce a phenolated wood, and after the liquefaction, formalin i. Flammability applications manufacture of phenol formaldehyde resin using alkaline catalyst manufacture of.
May 10, 2018 formaldehyde is a common raw material for this type of resin. Pdf preparation and characterization of the carbonized. Phenol formaldehyde pf resin is widely used in the preparation of activated carbon because of its pure components and easy activation. In this video the preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin is shown. Fabrication of glass fiber reinforced composites based on bio. One possible reason is that the characteristic peaks of groups in go were covered up by that of pf resin. A templatefree and surfactantfree method for highyield. The cure kinetics of commercial phenolformaldehyde pf, used as oriented strandboard face and core resins, were studied using isothermal and dynamic differential scanning calorimetry dsc. May 24, 2011 the purpose of this paper is to examine the preparation of adhesive by incorporation of kraft lignin as an agricultural waste into phenol formaldehyde pf resin structure and to evaluate the mechanical properties of lignin phenol formaldehyde lpf as wood adhesive. A templatefree and surfactantfree method for the synthesis of highly monodisperse phenol formaldehyde resin and corresponding carbon nanomicrospheres with excellent size tunability has been developed for the first time after investigating a series of phenol derivatives, including 3methylphenol, 1,3,5trihydroxybenzene, 2aminophenol, 3aminophenol, and 4aminophenol. Chemical reaction phenol formaldehyde resins are prepared by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the. Preparation of activated carbon using biooil phenol. Phenol formaldehyde resin phenol formaldehyde resin pf resole synthesis properties physical properties chemical properties 1.
Formaldehyde is a common raw material for this type of resin. Synthesis and characterization of phenolformaldehyde. Cure kinetics of aqueous phenolformaldehyde resins used for. Us2806006a phenolformaldehyde resin and its method of. The brownrotted wood was liquefied in phenol with phosphoric acid as catalyst and the resulting liquefied products were condensed with formaldehyde to yield novolak liquefied woodbased phenol formaldehyde resin lwpf. Cure kinetics of aqueous phenolformaldehyde resins used. Preparation of phenolformaldehyde resin slideshare. The resin was spun, stabilized and finally carbonized at 900c. Preparation and characterization of a nanolignin phenol formaldehyde resin by replacing phenol partially with lignin nanoparticles yu chen, xiaowu gong, gaoshan yang, qin li and na zhou a new strategy for the preparation of a lignin phenol formaldehyde lpf resin has been developed. Jan 22, 2016 phenol formaldehyde resin phenol formaldehyde resins pf are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.
Phenolformaldehyde resin, also called phenolic resin, any of a number of synthetic resins made by reacting phenol an aromatic alcohol derived from benzene with formaldehyde a reactive gas derived from methane. In this fret reaction, the biocompatible, green luminescent monodisperse phenol formaldehyde resin nanoparticles pfr nps synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method were used as the acceptor and the luminescent cdte quantum dots qds were selected as. Preparation and characterization of phenolformaldehyde resins modified with alkaline rice straw lignin phenolformaldehyde pf is a thermosetting resin that is widely used in many fields. The synthesized resin was cured at 170oc in the oven for 1 h. Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of electrospun watersoluble resorcinolphenolformaldehyde resinbased carbon nanofibers xiaodong tian, ab ning zhao, a kai wang, ab defang xu, ab yan song, a quangui guo a and lang liu a. Inhalation gaseous formaldehyde may cause temporary irritation to eyes, nose and throat. The results showed that brownrotted wood could be more easily liquefied than sound wood in phenol. Collected carbon black and phenol formaldehyde from local market were dried separately at 80c for 24 hours in a drier under vacuum condition. Abstractchemical structure of the sfzh30 standard resol phenol formaldehyde resin was studied by the method of quantitative c nmr spectroscopy. Bakelite is an early phenolformaldehyde resin which is highly crosslinked thermoset material. Preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin youtube. Phenol formaldehyde resins were the first completely synthetic polymers to be commercialized. A commercial novolactype phenolformaldehyde resin was used as a. Procedures for phenol formaldehyde polymers novolac resin 1.
Urea formaldehyde uf, also known as ureamethanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, is a nontransparent thermosetting resin or polymer. So, the results show that phenol formaldehyde resin figure 1b was synthesized successfully. Us2806006a us239831a us23983151a us2806006a us 2806006 a us2806006 a us 2806006a us 239831 a us239831 a us 239831a us 23983151 a us23983151 a us 23983151a us 2806006 a us2806006 a us 2806006a authority us united states prior art keywords resin weight phenol percent parts prior art date 19510801 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal. Major industrial polymers phenol formaldehyde britannica.
Major industrial polymers major industrial polymers phenol formaldehyde. Phenolformaldehyde resins were the first completely synthetic polymers to be commercialized. Study on preparation and properties of phenol formaldehyde chinese fir liquefaction copolymer resin. Sep 15, 2015 in this video the preparation of a phenol formaldehyde resin is shown. Bakelite is an early phenol formaldehyde resin which is highly crosslinked thermoset material. In this study, a novel method was applied to calculate the active sites of technical lignin for the preparation of ligninphenolformaldehyde resin adhesive based on quantitative p31 nmr analysis. Boron modified pf resols were prepared using different amount of boron modifiers as 0.
Ureaformaldehyde uf, also known as ureamethanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, is a nontransparent thermosetting resin or polymer. Preparation, optimisation and characterisation of lignin. Also known as phenolic resins, phenolformaldehyde polymers were. Testing phenol formaldehyde composite insulation material for.
Process for preparing phenolic formaldehyde resole resin products derived from fractionated fastpyrolysis oils. The cure of the face resin completely followed an nth. Phenolformaldehyde pf resin is widely used in the preparation of activated carbon because of its pure components and easy activation. Process for preparing phenolic formaldehyde resole resin.
Preparation and properties of phenolated woodphenol. Both equilibrium adsorption amount and effective pore diffusivity of methylene blue and dbs increased with activation. In this study, a novel method was applied to calculate the active sites of technical lignin for the preparation of lignin phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive based on quantitative p31 nmr analysis. Phenol formaldehyde resin phenol formaldehyde resins pf are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. The two products of 85 80 75 0 10 20 30 reaction time hr figure 2consumption of phenol. Inspection of this chromatogram indicates the presence of two products and residual initial phenol.
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